Colorism And The Common Struggle Of Black Girls - 1921 Words

Colorism and the common struggle of black girls Over the course of the years, society has taught black girls that the darker their skin tone is, the uglier they are which triggered them to do their best to meet Eurocentric beauty standards such as having light skin, slim nose and straight hair. â€Å"It was their contempt for their own blackness that gave the first insult its teeth. They seemed to have taken all of their smoothly cultivated ignorance, their exquisitely learned self-hatred, their elaborately designed hopelessness and sucked it all up into a fiery cone of scorn that had burned for ages in the hollows of their minds — cooled — and spilled over lips of outrage, consuming whatever was in its path.† (2.4.12 Morrison). Colorism is a serious and one of the most unaddressed subject in the black community, people of color come with all types of excuses to brush it off, they also ignore the internalized racism behind it, but it should be more acknowledged and debated, that way our generation will be enlightened about it and prevent the emotional damage at best to the generation to come. Many black girls go thru social identity issues on a daily basis. Skin color has created division even within black people because fairer skin tones are highly praised in the Negro community. Discrimination is used everywhere against black girls with a deeper skin pigment per example, makeup brands neglect the commercialization of darker shades of foundation, hair products for women of colorShow MoreRelated Oprah’s Life Class on Colorism Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesRecently on Oprah’s Life Class on Colorism, many young African American women came together to converse on a very tough topic within the community. This rising dilemma Oprah calls ‘The Secret Shame’, also known as Colorism, is a prejudice act where people within the same race discriminate against each other based on the shades of their skin. There has been a lot of talk about the privilege of lighter skin over darker skin tones and how it has truly effected African Americans as a whole. Peopl e ofRead MoreThe Disease Known As Colorism2165 Words   |  9 Pages The Disease known as Colorism Justin Tyler Hampton University Abstract What defines who we are: is it where we come from, who our parents are, how much money we have, what we look like, or is it what we do with our lives? The truth is, the answer to this question is very complex, and there is no one true answer, but when looking from the eyes of America one of the major contributing factors to this is race. In the world that we live, being black has become known as something negativeRead MoreThe Stereotypical Black Woman Essay1985 Words   |  8 Pages‘The media is the most powerful mind-manipulating tool on the earth.’†(Ruby, 18) The perception of black women in the media today can be damaging to the self-image of the young black women of today. During the Black Arts Movement, many artists and poets spoke of how white influence in our lives has created skewed beauty ideals in the African-American community. This white influence tends to harm black women’s images of themselves. Most female images seen in mainstream media are white, thin, tall andRead MoreAnalysis Of Sweetness By Toni Morrison1572 Words   |  7 Pages In an effort to explain the impact of colorism in black communities, Rita B. Dandridge once stated, â€Å"In African American culture, class bias is the handmaiden of intraracial prejudice that privileges the near-white or light-complexioned person over the darker-hued.† These privileges include more desirable jobs, houses in more prestigious neighborhoods, and better educational opportunities based on one having a lighter skin complexion. Since whites have more privileges in society simply based onRead MoreRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 PagesGreat and Only: The Life of America s First Black Filmmaker From the very beginning of the early stages in American cinema, African Americans had a presence on the silver screen. The twentieth century created a new era of cinema that consisted of films produced for and targeted to an all-Black audience. â€Å"Race films† which existed in the United States for over thirty years (1913-1948), were films produced by African Americans that focused on Black themes and highlighted the talents of African

Mean Girls Film Critique - 1288 Words

Austin Ruggieri May 2, 2012 Adolescence Mean Girls The movie Mean Girls is about a girl who has grown up in Africa and was homeschooled all of her life, named Cady. She is a 16-year-old white girl who has to learn how to adapt and change to her new environment, which is in a suburban area and a new completely average high school. Cady already knows that the laws of the jungle and the survival of the fittest but must now understand how to play in this brand new urban jungle. When she arrives in school she befriends an unpopular girl named Janis and her homosexual friend Damian, who quickly become Cady’s new best friends. Cady starts to have feelings for Regina’s ex boyfriend Aaron Samuels. When Regina finds out, she decided to†¦show more content†¦Secondly I will be discussing the idea of peer conformity. The adolescent peer group can be seen as both a problem and a necessity. In the movie whatever Regina says, her friends do. Regina believes that keeping these particularistic norms are created like only b eing able to wear certain types of clothing on certain days, and allowing only certain types of jewelry. Regina keeps her friends in formation in order to create a social status to show that her clique is better than the rest. (Pg. 157) However, after Cady takes a new role as second in command in the clique the changes in the structure begin. Cady creates a participant observation (Pg. 158) in order to infiltrate the â€Å"Plastics† so that she can take down Regina, but because Cady starts to fall for Aaron, the changes in the clique start again. Studies show that young people indicate that there are important changes in the structures of cliques and crowds during the adolescent years, primarily driven by the increased importance of romantic relationships. (Pg. 159) Cady began to engage herself in her quest to achieve a relationship with Aaron more than she did taking down the â€Å"Plastics†. And because of this, she eventually failed at taking them down and eve ntually turned her school into an uncontrollable mess. I believe that peer conformity happens every day and there is no way of ever getting around it. People are driven to do what makes the people that are important toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs1411 Words   |  6 Pages Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Film Critique Di’Yana Mathis ENG225: Introduction to Film Professor Sameer Joshi October 2, 2017 â€Æ' Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Film Critique Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1938), is a fantasy film written by Ted Sears and Richard Creedon. This animated movie, made by Disney, was created so young children can watch and enjoy all over the world. This is a very popular film because it was the first animated movie created in England and made in color. InRead MoreThe Cultural Identity Of The African American Community1653 Words   |  7 Pagessomewhere, have histories. But, like everything which is historical they undergo constant transformation.† (Hall, 225). This position recognizes that there are also critical points of significant difference which constitute ‘what we really are.’ In films like Pariah (2011) and Paris is Burning (1990), numerous characters struggle with accepting their identity. On top of already being of African descent, certain members of the cast and their sexual preferences are considered untraditional and thereforeRead MoreThe Blind Side Movie Analysis947 Words   |  4 PagesAnne Tuohy (Sandra Bullock) goes against this prejudice when she decides to let Oher into her home and family. In the film, Leigh Anne shows no knowledge of the discrimination Oher faces until she attends a lunch with fellow parents of kids at Wingate Christian, where one makes the comment, â€Å"But seriously, Leigh Ann, aren’t you worried for Collins? I mean, she’s a beautiful white girl, and he’s a big black boy.† Oher proves the women wrong as he wins the hearts of his classmates, teammates, and adoptedRead MoreReview Of Gone Girl 1188 Words   |  5 PagesAnastasia Makroliolios Thriller Critique Task Gone Girl (2014) Mr Rhys Cassidy 12B 2015 Sir Alfred Hitchcock, director of several of the very first thriller films including his silent film The Lodger (1926), is believed to be the â€Å"Master of Suspense† (Ramirez Berg, 2015). Hitchcock was integral in creating the codes the codes and conventions of the thriller genre. These codes and conventions can be seen in some of Hitchcock’s films such as Vertigo (1958), Rope (1948) and PsychoRead MoreAnalysis Of Wall E 1675 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Humphreys presented three critiques and four interventions, about the film so that we could analyze it with theories learned in class. She also plays the devil s advocate to argue that capitalism has destroyed not only the planet, but also humankind, specifically, Americans (Argument Analysis). She proposes that the film is not about the revolution or change that it pretends to be, by using Queer theory and post-structuralism. The first critique presented by Professor Humphreys wasRead MoreThe Creation of Didactic Works Through the Use of Point of View and Genre in Wolf Lake† by Elizabeth Bachinsky and Grizzly Man by Werner Herzog1010 Words   |  5 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Wolf Lake† by Elizabeth Bachinsky and the non-fiction film Grizzly Man by Werner Herzog, both authors illustrate a type of discrimination in society through the use of point of view and genre. Bachinsky highlights the dehumanizing effect on victims after naming them ‘the bod(ies)’ and Herzog depicts the border drawn between society and nature through the critiques of a man’s devotion to bears. The point of view determines the method of persuasion, display of the story, and language usedRead MoreChicago1674 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily members! Last summer during a visit to my native Mexico City, I had the opportunity to watch drag queens perform several numbers from the movie-musical. They did an amazi ng job, without surpassing the outstanding performances of the actors in the film. Last year, I visited NYC for the first time and indulged in the rows of the Ambassador theatre experiencing Chicago, the Broadway musical, and because I had seen the movie many times before, I knew all the songs and dances by heart. I loved it, butRead MoreJane Austen s Emma And Clueless Comparison1655 Words   |  7 Pagestitular character, one can look at Emma as a satirical work regarding the restrictions and conventions of 19th century society. This satirical element later went on to inspire Heckerling’s interpretation as she adapted the story of Emma into the cult film, Clueless, which goes on to highlight the phenomena of cliques amongst the youth of America. Both works use the element of exaggeration in order to explore the gender stereotypes and expectations placed upon society during their respective eras. HeckerlingRead MoreMulticulturalism in Malaysia1504 Words   |  6 PagesThat is the central theme of the film ‘Sepet’, a film directed by Allahyarham Yasmin Ahmad, released to cinemas all over the country in 2004. The title literally means ‘slit-eye’, a typical reference to the Chinese facial feature. . The film received ‘Best Asian Film Award’ at the 18th Tokyo International Film Festival 2005, and various other awards, such as the 27th Crà ©teil International Womens Film Festival held best film, held in France. Before moving on the film itself, I think it would be properRead MoreBook Review : Midnight Magic By Woody Allen1104 Words   |  5 PagesParis’ Midnight Magic For nearly fifty years, Woody Allen has been writing and directing lucrative films and television shows. One of his most recent productions is a film called Midnight in Paris that has multiple famous actors and actresses playing the main roles. This fantasy film takes place in the most popular city destination, Paris, a city known for its breathtaking sites. The film often alternates between different time periods such as the 1890s and 1920s due to a type of time travel the

Affairs through the Ages free essay sample

An analysis of the relationship between St. John and Rosamond in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre. A paper which provides a look at the doomed relationship between the characters Rosamond and St. John in Charlotte Brontes novel, Jane Eyre. The paper presents the idea that disgust motivated St. Johns obsession with Rosamond instead of love. Love today is depicted in the media in many different ways, from blissful unions at the ends of movies to tawdry and scandalous affairs in daytime soap operas. Is this type of entertainment just sensationalism by the media, or have there been relationships throughout history that have experienced passion and pain? Charlotte Bronte proves untrue love has been evident for years in her portrayal of Rosamond Oliver and St. John Rivers in her novel Jane Eyre. Plainly, the ethereal Rosamond Oliver stirs deep emotions within St. John; however, below the surface, not love but rather a deep-seated disgust flushes the missionarys cheek and sends his blood stirring. We will write a custom essay sample on Affairs through the Ages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Architectural Framing System Commonly Knownâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Architectural Framing Systems? Answer: Introducation The Architectural Framing system commonly known as AFS walls is a polymer based structure which comprises of fibre cement sheets which are made up of sand, cellulose fibres (wood fibres) and cement. These walls are welded together with galvanized steel stud frames on both sides. The major functioning of galvanized steel and reinforced fibre cement sheets with their mechanical properties helps to boost the robustness and strengths of these walls. The physical properties of these wall included high resistance power against heat and wire and they also exceed the requirement specified in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) (AFS, 2017). The presence of fibre cement sheets prevents these walls to get damaged with the flow of water through their unique water block technology, as the exposure to water can cause oxidation and corrosion which may affect the internal structure of the building. The major uses of these walls are in the construction of multi-floored buildings; it is one time solution for a permanent formwork for concrete walls. The components of these walls fit effectively with one another to create a strong structure for the buildings. AFS walls are known for their utmost efficiency and are very low maintenance (AFS, 2015). There are very light weight and their installation process is not much complex. The formwork also have holes which allows easy and quick flow for cement and allow space for fixing steel and other materials. The size and thickness structure of these panels are customized according to the requirement of the engineers or architectures and the structure that is being built. This is known as deep structure which involves incorporating a deep beam in the existing wall structure and eliminating the transfer structure in the slab. These structures are not only efficient but also financially feasible. Being cost effective does not qualify them for being fit in all types of structures and that is why there are only suggested by engineers for certain structures only. However they are dynamic and can be used in many areas such as walls of the basement and retaining walls because these walls can accommodate large amount of backfills. The properties of AFS wall structures ensure durability of over 50 years and they are also termite resistance which increases their life more. The fibre cement component within these walls is suitable for different type of climate be it summers or raining season. As mentioned above that AFS walls are polymer based. The polymer is of different types and it includes variety of shellac, wool, amber, silk and rubber. The mechanical properties of galvanized steel studded frames and fibre cement make these walls strong, durable, hard wearing and high resistance. The chemical properties of these walls include water resistance power which will prevent oxidation and corrosion and will help them increase the life of the structure. This determines how the components of wall react to different chemicals and other components such as water. The biological properties of cements sheets reinforced in these walls are that they prevent degradation, rotting and insects will not affect the life of struct ure (EASL, 2007) References AFS, 2017, The brand behind the name, Retrieved from https://afswall.com.au/ on 4 May 2017. AFS, 2015, Properties, Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjA_caU5tjTAhWLvI8KHZqMDMMQFgglMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fafswall.com.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2FAFS_Designer_Section_C_Properties.pdfusg=AFQjCNGxhaMopFW360Wf-OHo_MHCrmMPuw on 4 May 2017. ESAL, 2007, FIBER CEMENT CORRUGATED SHEETS, Retrieved from https://www.eyal-zipuim.co.il/uploadimages/cementtiles2.pdf on 4 May 2017.

Essay Examples on Vincent Van Gogh Essay Example

Essay Examples on Vincent Van Gogh Paper 1st Essay Sample on Vincent Van Gogh Vincent Van Gogh was one of Europe’s greatest painters.During the late 19th century, he created magnificent works of arts. Vincent Van Gogh was born in Holland and spent most of his time in London. He have painted for at least 10 years.Vincent;s brother, Theo supported him at Paris, but later Van Gogh moved to South France.He is a post-impressionist painter.He likes to paint with very bright colors.Van Gogh express his emotion in color and light brush stoke on to his painting.He uses a style called Impasto.It is a very thick texture of paint that uses broken brush stoked to show the strong emotions that Van Gogh have. The artwork that was done by Van Gogh really shows the emotional feelings that Van Gogh has inside of him. His painting always shows how depressing Van Gogh was. His painting will never feel comfortable. It will always seem depress. He was always depressed, nothing good would ever happen to him. He has tried so many type of work but art was the only thing he could do best. The world has been influence by his emotional artworks. You can laugh, cry or be clueless about a painting but as for Van Gogh;s painting you will always see what he was feeling. The painting I have is â€Å"Vase with Peonies and Roses.† The way I see this painting is that he is feeling very upset. I see a vase with flowers that is white. The painter didn;t seem very happy as he was painting. The color background made the vase of flower stands out more. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Vincent Van Gogh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Vincent Van Gogh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Vincent Van Gogh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Realism of form was abandoned more and more, and color effects were intensified. He attempted to reproduce what he thought. This work of art has been very well organized. Just by the colors that Van Gogh uses, it can show most of his mind. It really brings it out. It shows that the happiness in Van Gogh;s life is gone. The yellow flower symbolizes happiness and it fell off. The background is made up of Complentary color, which is red and green. 2nd Essay Sample on vincent van gogh Vincent Van Gogh was born in 1853 at the town of GrootZndut, in Holland.He passed away in 1890.He was known to be a great and talented artist.I’m not really familiar with Van Gogh’s work, but there is this one piece of work of his that stands out to me.This piece of work is called † The Starry Night.†It was an oil on canvas done in 1889.This painting now sits at The Museum of Modern Art, in New York.You see a brightly colored landscape with a tree, a village, a church, and a turbulent sky in this masterpiece. This square painting has a lot of texture and value.The painting is simple like a cartoon like image and it’s feature’s can be instantly recognizable.The color blue was used a lot in his painting.The blue really enhanced the scene of the sky.The yellow was used to bring out the stars in the painting.I really like the way Van Gogh used whirlpool like lines to create this crazy sky. The definition of star is a large celestial body composed of gravitationally contained of hot gases emitting electromagnetic radiation, especially light, as a result of nuclear reactions inside the star.All stars probably vary slightly in their brightness on a more less periodic basis. I’m really not sure what Van Gogh is trying to portray in this piece of work.Van Gogh was a tormented, intense, and mystical man.I’m sure some of the torment, and a kind of madness of his was built into this painting.I think Van Gogh brought his work a whole lot of experiences and emotions.When I look at this painting I get a sense of energy, happiness, and exuberance.It looks like a hot summer night.It makes me want to go put on a pair of shorts and run out side and catch fireflies like I did when I was little during summer night’s.It also reminds me of the time when I’d go swimming at night time at the neighbors house.This painting can bring a lot of memories to mind.

Free Essays on Cogito

Descartes Meditations Descartes ¡Ã‚ ¯ Cogito Ergo Sum(I am, I exist) argument is a complex one. In many ways, he constructs a convincing argument for the existence of the self, and for the process of the thinking being, the essence of that self. In this meditation on his philosophy, Descartes on numerous attempts tries to convince both the readers, as well as himself, of his theory that we must reject all of our present ideas and beliefs and start from nothing. He believes that the only thing that has any certainty at this point is his own existence as a thinking being? Everything else, which he has learned throughout his entire life and believed in, is to be thrown out because it is not known clearly and distinctly. Descartes method and theory on knowledge was well planned and carefully thought out. It is evident that he spent a great deal of time determining the principles that he would use as determinants for judging whether a specific idea was justified and true. In my opinion, there are some flaws contained in Descartes ¡Ã‚ ¯ argument. Among these flaws are Descartes apparent determination to prove his theory on his individual existence in the world and the existence of G-d to backup and prove himself and his theories. At the beginning of meditation two, Descartes is stuck in the middle of nothingness. He has nothing, nothing to believe in and everything around him he regards as false. This is because he cannot believe what he has learned and he is also unable to trust his senses due to the fact that they deceive him. He feels like he is drowning in a whirlpool and cannot reach the top and get out nor can he put his feet on the bottom and stand? Everything in the world at this point he has called into doubt, including himself. Everything that he has ever seen, learned or thought is now external from what he deems to be true and he is beginning his knowledge from non-existence. Descartes although is certain of one thing, nothing (but to... Free Essays on Cogito Free Essays on Cogito Descartes Meditations Descartes ¡Ã‚ ¯ Cogito Ergo Sum(I am, I exist) argument is a complex one. In many ways, he constructs a convincing argument for the existence of the self, and for the process of the thinking being, the essence of that self. In this meditation on his philosophy, Descartes on numerous attempts tries to convince both the readers, as well as himself, of his theory that we must reject all of our present ideas and beliefs and start from nothing. He believes that the only thing that has any certainty at this point is his own existence as a thinking being? Everything else, which he has learned throughout his entire life and believed in, is to be thrown out because it is not known clearly and distinctly. Descartes method and theory on knowledge was well planned and carefully thought out. It is evident that he spent a great deal of time determining the principles that he would use as determinants for judging whether a specific idea was justified and true. In my opinion, there are some flaws contained in Descartes ¡Ã‚ ¯ argument. Among these flaws are Descartes apparent determination to prove his theory on his individual existence in the world and the existence of G-d to backup and prove himself and his theories. At the beginning of meditation two, Descartes is stuck in the middle of nothingness. He has nothing, nothing to believe in and everything around him he regards as false. This is because he cannot believe what he has learned and he is also unable to trust his senses due to the fact that they deceive him. He feels like he is drowning in a whirlpool and cannot reach the top and get out nor can he put his feet on the bottom and stand? Everything in the world at this point he has called into doubt, including himself. Everything that he has ever seen, learned or thought is now external from what he deems to be true and he is beginning his knowledge from non-existence. Descartes although is certain of one thing, nothing (but to...

Select an organisation in the U.K. and critically assess the Essay

Select an organisation in the U.K. and critically assess the operational methods and strategies adopted to provide satisfactory products (or services) to custom - Essay Example The Department which I was involved in was the procurement department. The Purpose of this department was to ensure that there were adequate products in the store to fulfil customer requirements at that time. The role of the procurement section was to act as an intermediary between the process of selling and suppliers who dealt with the store. This department has to ascertain that there was back up stock in case there were any eventualities that occurred in the supply chain. Besides this, it also has to guard against overstocking. This is because of the fact that too much of a certain item could cause losses to the organisation. Their function contributes to customer satisfaction because the department ensures that customers get what they want whenever they want. (Tesco, 2007) The organisation has two categories of customers' i.e. external customers and internal customers. Slack et al (2007) describes internal customers as those who are found within the organisation. These are the various sections in the organisation that deal with the department under consideration. This comes from the concept of treating other parts of the organisation as separate entities or organisations. This means that the organisation ought to communicate effectively with its internal customers to maximise productivity. Some of the internal customers which the procurement section of Tesco has to deal include; accounting department, supplying department, personnel department, financial department. These internal customers will be examined in detail below; Marketing as an internal customer is one of the most crucial departments in Tesco. Their main objective is to promote and increase sales for Tesco. Basically, they are supposed to attract customers and come up with strategies that will keep them coming back. The marketing section expected four things from output in the organisation The numbers of products or services present are sufficient to satisfy consumer's demands i.e. should not be below optimum That products are available on time and customers do not have to wait for long periods of time before they can access them The type of products displayed is of reasonable quality i.e. they are in good condition The way products are displayed is attractive for consumers If the operation section of Tesco can fulfil all the above requirements, then marketers can coordinate between promotions and service delivery. (Ruffian et al 2000) It is quite essential for marketers to advertise only hat the Company can deliver otherwise their tasks will be rendered ineffective. The next internal customer with reference to output is the personnel section. This department deals with the coordination of human resource with the main aim of ensuring that all people in the organisation perform to their maximum level. This will therefore lead to achievement of the organisation's goals and objectives. The personnel section expects that output is sufficient in terms of quality and quantity. Their function is to ensure that everyone is performing and this also applies to the output section. (Tesco, 2007) The financial department or accounting section is another area that depends on the output sectio

New Technology in the Medical Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

New Technology in the Medical Field - Essay Example many healthcare organizations have come up with privacy and security policies that govern the access, use and exposure of organization’s information in order to minimize such risks. An analysis of the privacy and security policies of three recognized healthcare organizations namely Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Mayo Foundation and Georgetown University Medical Centers reveals some themes that are among them. For all the three healthcare organisations unauthorised access of the organisation’s information is not allowed. This could be those that are stored in computers or those produced as hard copies. In relation to this, there is no unauthorised alteration, revision, transmission or modification of the organisations information or other information within the organisation’s system (Georgetown University Medical Centers, 2007, Mayo Foundation, 2002 and BIDMC Technology Resources Policy, 2007). For all confidential information or programs installed in the organisation’s computers, the staff must get authority from the organisations information officer or office in order to access, delete or modify them. All information deemed to be confidential is protected from external access and their release or exposure constitutes a breach of the security and privacy policies. All staff are not allowed to use the organisations IT for activities that are not related to the organisation’s business activities so as to limit the availability of the network resources to other people. Remote access to organisation’s information is not allowed except for selected workstations or persons authorised by the chief information officer. There are some security and privacy policies that differ significantly between the three healthcare organizations. An example are policies relating to personal privacy when using the organization’s computer information or technology resources. In Mayo Foundation, no one has the permission to access a computer using another

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

History - Essay Example A severe depression between the 1784-5 made the situation even much dire leading to a destabilizing debt servicing standoff between farmers and the government of Massachusetts’ raising of taxes; an impasse that paved the way to a full-blown, armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts akin to the liberation war, the Shay’s Rebellion (woods 285). In the south were spiraling economic problems too with quite similar disruptive effects in the north. The revolution left slave traders, particularly in South Carolina and Georgia, counting a trail of losses with more than 60,000 slaves finding escape mechanisms. The financial breakdown was compounded further by Great Britain’s refusal to link up import trade with the British West Indies; a vital market destination that upheld economic prospects of most southerners. Even though liberation treaty had been signed officially freeing the unite states as a British protectorate, total takeover was a challenge marred by tensions plaguing certain areas with British troops refusal to surrender Detroit, Otsego and New York forts over unsettled Tories land issues. On the international front, the weakness of the new government was even much pronounced given its inability to effectively protect its interests. From the capture of an American merchant ship by the North African Pirates off the coast Portugal to the West Florida Controversy and Mississippi River crises, the government had no decisive powers to effect peace by exerting clear cut authority. Courtesy of a feeble union ratified under the Articles of Confederation, the new union was bombarded right, left and center, with the Continental Army uprising over unpaid dues tipping a pillar rapture to a short-lived unification as was evident in the Newburgh Conspiracy. Proposed and ratified in 1777 and 1781 respectively, the Articles of Confederation was document full of economic and political leakages that ended up piling more problems. With the reorie ntation of the British mercantile system, the sudden shortfalls of managerial cash were never factored in by the framers of the Confederation. There was no provision for a singular command point to enforce laws passed by Congress whenever necessary. A supposedly pluralistic Congress had no powers to tax, to control commerce, to sanction the usage of a common currency, to draft enough soldiers to counter any external aggression, and to generally steer effective governance (Wood 354). The Constitution succeeded in addressing many of the problems hitherto inherent the â€Å"loose confederation of states" that essentially revered state autonomy over effective governance.  The constitution restructured the provisions of the Article of Confederation to a federal system that gave more recognition to the national government with a subsequent delegation of powers hitherto tightly held-up by the state, while reserving and sharing certain functions. The newly created federation not only cre ated a national government with real, acceptably shared power both at the national and at the state level to effect a comprised taxation policy, draft federal troops, control commerce, etcetera, but also created a common command office, the office of the president and the and a federal court system, which were non-existent under the Article Of Confederation (Wood 412). The earlier fears of the framers of the confederation of an overwhelmingly powerful national governme

Impact of Speech and Language Difficulties on Development

Impact of Speech and Language Difficulties on Development Explain the impact that speech, language and communication difficulties can have on a child’s overall development. ANSWER: The difficulties a child’s development can have are in many aspects of which are PSED (physical, social and emotional development), play, and literacy, maths, understanding the world and expressive arts and design. Looking at PSED, it effect the side of self confidence, self esteem, sharing views, discussing anything, being part of an activity physically, being amongst a group of friends and making a decision. Look at the from the view point of yourself, being a part of something where you are not able to contribute because you have a difficulty in SLC (speech, language and communication), it is just so hard to even be present there, you would just want to be in your own nutshell, but at the same time you want to study, achieve things, your friends laugh when you stammer, your friends bully or look down upon you or exclude in a very sly manner, these all are mental stress, emotional torture and withdraws oneself and hate builds. Let us take play in consideration, how do u play football silently? It is just not practical, playing rugby, cricket, tennis, badminton, there is so much to cheer and applaud to, you will even feel ashamed of yourself and probably not engage because you are not as competent as the other? That is not fair on an individual. You are not able to play as a team; you cannot comprehend instructions or even relate to other children whilst playing such as pretend play or friendly match. Now literacy and maths, these are educational subjects, you have to sit down, brainstorm, discuss, and ask for help, read, write, understand, solve problems and reason. When you are neglected, left alone, how do you cope? You might always avoid the library and group discussions because of your difficulty, on the other hand you can come out confident and tackle the situation come what may but within yourself, your own image, self confidence is extremely shallow, you may portray out very confident and self efficient, but within yourself it is a battle of struggle day in and out. Expressive arts and design, these need creativity, expressions, depth of understanding, communication, body language, eye contact, communication through writing and verbal, you may be very good artist but if you communication is difficult how will people appreciate your very, yes of course sign language is a benefit factor which will assist you in promoting yourself, not many people understand sign language, value it nor appreciate it, so finding a group which upholds you despite your difficulties is another task. In all, any learning difficulty has an adverse effect in a child life to achieve and excel not only in studies but also amongst friends, family, as most of those around will have the pity for you instead of empathy and such feelings do a lot of damage emotionally, mentally and socially. QUESTION 2: Describe how practitioners can modify or adapt the communication to meet the needs of individual children. ANSWER: Modify and adapt; change, accept and produce Practitioners are able to modify and adapt in various ways; having an interpreter, having computers for visual text or pictures or visual learners, one to one support, more lightning, take work home to do with parents, calm background, imply and reinforce unity and helping each other amongst children, making sure to the best ability every child is happy, review particular child every week, build a team of students who help other children and ensure the team rotates so all the children get the chance, always smiling and positive feelings and thoughts and suggestions, use empathy and support. Get professionals come in to meet child, encourage other children to engage with, working in partnership with parents, professionals and teacher becomes a strong triangle, use more visual aid, simple and clear statements, praise effort made by child, give time to listen, think, understand, go to the child’s pace, visual timetable, go down to child level and communicate, ask child to repeat what you have said, make learning fun and using simple words, you be the model of behaviour and language so other staff learn from you, being vigilant all the time, understand child and see what is the best way to communication, pictures, gestures, signing, written message and you continue to support. The one thing I strongly believe in, no matter what one goes through, if you have the right mentor and support, you can travel and achieve a lot in may be a longer period of time but you will get there one day, also keeping in mind perseverance is very important in a very gentle, simple and comforting manner. If a child does not want to complete a task, explain the importance, show the child light at the end of a tunnel and do give a positive reward too such as sticker, play time with special toy, take for a walk, showing the work to the rest of the children and teachers and putting it on the board to. All the support and one to one attention is not an easy task it takes a lot of patience, perseverance, calm nature, happy go lucky nature, sense of humour, and strong willed person, but remember the confidence, self esteem, bright future, success, achievement of that particular child will be a reward for the teacher that you were able to do something for someone which was of benefit to the person and enable them reach the skies. QUESTION 3: Explain how practitioners can meet the communication needs of children who speak English as an additional language. ANSWER: There are many methods to meet needs of English as second language, a few are; special time for those children, a teacher takes children to a quiet room use pictures and say the item in their language and than in English and encourage them to repeat after you, just within their concentration span such as 5-10 mins, you keep building words like that. Make sure you have the child’s attention when speaking to them and also you should be face to face with the child and mention their name to gain attention. Another way could be having dual books, reading a book aloud, very simple words such as animals example; a cat- heesna (in Arabic), cath (in welsh), punai (in tamil ). It depends on which language the child is, normally they do speak little English but simple things like â€Å"mum coming†, â€Å"food†, â€Å"water†, â€Å"tired†, â€Å"read†, â€Å"well done†, â€Å"bye†, words which bring comfort to a child depending on age if you say to them in their language and than English they form a quick attachment and settle quickly too especially with little ones. Making books with children using pictures, as you stick, you say in their language and English too such as; carrot- gajar, vegetable-sabzi, mango-aam, milk- doodh Ask parents to write down a few words for you which you can use with the child on daily basis Play games in a group and team, this will enable child learn English form other children, music and dance and rhyme too. If any of the practitioners know the child’s language let them be the key worker One must also keep a close watch on children and keep reminding of rules and boundaries, always come down to child level and explain and reinforce, nicely and calm. Keep a positive body language, facial expression and continuous speaking in English at the same time reminding them in their own language so the child is rest assured and remains calm. Use pictures to explain more if hard to comprehend, use writing skills, use gestures and remain in close partnership with parents and encourage using English at home. QUESTION 4: Analyse the role that other professionals play in supporting the speech, language and communication needs of children ANSWER: Every individual working in a field related to children is part and parcel of the team works, discussion and achievements with targets, of course some have a more specific target role but team work is what brings success. One of the main professional to be consulted with this specific difficulty is Speech Educational Needs Co-ordinator, we must keep in mind to always consult parents, take their views, have a discussion and then involve other professionals. Considering the SENCO team, they will suggest a few things to parents such as visiting GP to refer to Speech and Language Therapist. This professional will work hand in hand with parent/carer/nursery/school, pay home visits, carry out activities with child such as how can child express and analyse themselves, does the child understand instructions verbally and mentally, can the child respond clearly, how the child is engaging in play, carry out fun games and activities with child, response therapist received from child, behaviour of the child, skills the child uses for communication, will enquire about child strengths and what child enjoys and how much you know the child, will want a quiet session with child, would want to know about day to day experience and routine of child The therapist will than record and analyse. Once all that is done the therapist will decide if it is going to be beneficial for the child and in what strategy needs to be used, the parent/carer will receive a feed back and carry on from there. Giving children time and space, helps them grow, giving a child good listening ears and demonstrating good communication skills enables them to learn, we are the models of children around us so we must be very careful in our day to day behaviour, calling out the child’s name before you start speaking makes them concentrate and become attentive too, keeping words short and simple, remaining calm all the time, recasting to what children say such as; ‘ I am playing with car’ adult says ‘ yes, you are playing with your red speedy car’. It is important to engage children in play with exploration, mental and written learning, creativity and brain storm, discussion and inventions and promoting togetherness when doing an activity, problem solving and sharing thoughts and ideas. Team thinks together, give items, set targets and achieve them. Each and every step in a child life is crucial, so how a child is dealt with, given replies for questions, asked questions, given space, explore and learn in their pace is important, of course parents should shadow and keep track but at the same time allow them to take risks and build confidence, independence, self esteem, self reliant and understanding too, keeping in mind safety of child and adult is a priority. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Notes provided by college Google search www.idponline.org.uk www.naldic.org.uk Own experience and views

tempcolon Comparing Language in Shakespeares Tempest and Aime Cesaire

Colonial Language in Shakespeare's The Tempest and Aime Cesaire's A Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and literature are the most subtle and seductive tools of domination. They gradually shape thoughts and attitudes on an almost subconscious level. Perhaps Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak states this condition most succinctly in her essay "The Burden of English" when she writes, "Literature buys your assent in an almost clandestine way...for good or ill, as medicine or poison, perhaps always a bit of both"(137). By examining Shakespeare's "The Tempest" and Cesaire's "A Tempest", the diabolic and diagnostic functions of language and literature can be explored. Both plays place characters who are foreign to each other in equally unknown and foreign environments. Shakespeare allows Prospero the sorcerer to dominate his foreign environment and all who inhabit it, while Caliban in Cesaire's play uses the foreign language of his master, Prospero, to stage an open revolt. Placed within a post-colonial context, Cesaire ultimately expands upon the actions and characters create d by Shakespeare in order to posit a plausible modern explanation for the role of language and literature in the progression from fictional to actual, all too real, colonies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slavery is a central issue in both plays, especially in defining the relationship between Prospero and Caliban. Prospero, a European of high social and intellectual stature, is placed within an unfamiliar and hostile environment. Caliban befriends Prospero and gives him the necessary skills to survive. In return, Prospero teaches Caliban an European language. Ironically, this knowledge of language provides the basis for both slavery and revolt. Though physically enslaved because of an attempt... ...le it may be impossible to separate the poisonous properties of language and literature from the medicinal ones, Cesaire seems to attempt to identify the former and espouse the latter. Though the scope and influence of language and literature may be wider than that of colonialism, the same essential hurtful and hopeful paradox rests at the core of each concept.   Works Cited Cesaire, Aime. A Tempest. Trans Richard Miller, New York: Ubu Repertory Theatre Publications, 1992. Shakespeare, William. "The Tempest." Rpt in William Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. Peter Alexander, London: Collins Clear Type Press, 1989. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. "The Burden of English." Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia. Carol A. Breckinridge and Peter van der Veer Eds.   Philadelphia: U. of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. 134-57.

Political Ideologies

D. Sokolova 28/09/2011 On the topic of â€Å"Political Ideology† (Heywood 2003, p. 5) states: † ‘Ideology’ is consider a particular type of political thought, distinct from, say, political science or political philosophy. † Ideology is a set of views and ideas that provides the theoretical basis to organize and rule community life, establish values, habits and perspectives. It demands the certain methods to be used for solving different social problems. As (MacKenzie, et al. 1994, p. 1) have noted, ideology † provides both an account of existing social and political relations and blueprint of how these relation ought to be organized. Beyond this general definition, however, the concept of ideology is notoriously difficult to get to grips with. It is loaded with a wide range of possible meanings, many of which are contradictory. † † The word ideology was coined during the French Revolution by Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836) , and was first used in public in 1796. For de Tracy, ideologue referred to a new ‘science of ideas', literally an idea-ology. † (Heywood 2003, p. 6) De Tracy tried to find moral, ethic and political phenomena of basic consciousness and offer a logical explanation under one concept. For Marx and Engels ‘ideology' (MacKenzie, et al. 994, p. 5) † is the role of changing historical conditions that is fundamental to the formation of ideas. † Rather, French philosopher Louis Pierre Althusser (MacKenzie, et al. 1994, p. 16) † insists upon the strict separation of ideology and science. Arguing against the traditional relationship between ideology an d truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He affirms that † ideology is the ‘cement' that binds human societies together. † An Australian political theorist Minogue have noticed, that ideologies (MacKenzie,et al. 1994, p. 4) † create the false expectation in people's minds that a perfect world is ultimately attainable. From this point of view,† ideologies are seen as abstract system of thought, sets on ideas that are destined to simplify and distort social reality because they claim to explain what is, frankly, incomprehensible. † The foremost modern exponent of this view was the British political philosopher Michael Oakeshott (1901-90)† , who has issued guideline, that † Ideology is thus equated with dogmatism : fixed on doctrinaire beliefs, that are divorced from the complexities of the real world. † (Heywood 2003, p. 10) † The birth of political ideologies can be traced back to the processes thought which the modern world came into existenc e. The process of modernization had social, political and cultural dimension. Socially, it was linked to the emergence of increasingly market-orientated and capitalist economies, dominated by new social classes, the middle class and the working class. Politically, it involved the replacement of monarchical absolutism by the advance of constitutional and, in due course, democratic government. Culturally, it took the form of spread of Enlightenment ideas and views, which challenged traditional beliefs in religion, politics and learning in general, based upon a commitment to the principles of reason and progress. The ‘core' political ideologies, the ones out of which later ideologies emerged or developed in opposition to – liberalism, conservatism and socialism – reflected contrasting responses to the process of modernization. † (Heywood 2003,p. 21- 22) Main features distinguished them from each other are the following: Liberals, particularly during the Cold War period, have viewed ideology as an officially sanctioned belief system that claims a monopoly of truth, often through a spurious claim to be scientific. Ideology is therefore inherently repressive, even totalitarian. Conservatives have traditionally regarded ideology as manifestation of the arrogance of rationalism. Ideologies are elaborate system of thought that are dangerous or unreliable because, being abstracted from reality, they establish principles and goals that lead to repression or are simply unachievable. Socialists, following Marx, have seen ideology as a body of ideas that conceal the contradictions of class society, thereby promoting false consciousness and political passivity amongst subordinate classes†¦ Later Marxist adopted neutral concept of ideology, regarding it as the distinctive ideas of any social class, including the working class. Fascist are often dismissive of ideology as an over-systematic, dry and intellectualized form of political understanding that is based on mere reason rather than passion and the will. The Nazis preferred to portray their own ideas as a Weltanschaung or ‘world view', not as systematic philosophy. Ecologists have tended to regard al conventional political doctrines as part of super-ideology of industrialism. Ideology is thus tainted by its association with arrogant humanism and growth-orientated economics-liberalism and socialism being its most obvious examples. Religious fundamentalists have treated key religious texts as ideology, on the grounds that, by expressing the revealed world of God, they provide a programme for comprehensive social reconstruction. (Heywood 2003, p. 15) It is recognizable, that the theory of ideology still has many different features. This view has been supported in the (Eccleshall 1984, p. 23) saying that â€Å"Ideology is the realm in which people clarify and justify their actions as they pursue divergent interests. † However, â€Å".. there is no settle or agreed definition of the term, only a collection of rival definitions. As David McLellan (1995) put it, ‘Ideology is the most elusive concept in the whole of social science'. † (Heywood 2003, p. 5) Bibliography 1. Heywood Andrew. Political ideologies: An introduction. 3rd edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 2. Eccleshall Robert, Geoghegan Vincent, Jay Richard, Kenny Michael, MacKenzie Iain and Wilford Rick. Political Ideologies: An introduction. 2nd edition. London: Routledge, 1994. 3. Eccleshall Robert, Geoghegan Vincent, Jay Richard and Rick Wilford. Political Ideologies: An Introduction Great Britain: Essex, 1984.

The age of anxiety Essays - Benjamin Britten, W. H. Auden

The age of anxiety Essays - Benjamin Britten, W. H. Auden The age of anxiety Analysis of Auden's The Age of Anxiety In Auden's lengthy poem, "The Age of Anxiety", he follows the actions and thoughts of four characters who happen to meet in a bar during a war. Their interactions with one another lead them on an imaginary quest in their minds in which they attempt, without success, to discover themselves. The themes and ideas that Auden's "The Age of Anxiety" conveys reflect his belief that man's quest for self-actualization is in vain. W. H. Auden was born in York, England, in 1907, the third and youngest son of Constance and George Auden (Magill 72). His poetry in the 1930's reflected the world of his era, a world of depression, Fascism, and war. His works adopt a prose of a "clinical diagrostician [sic] anatomizing society" and interpret social and spiritual acts as failures of communication (Magill 74). They also put forth a diagnosis of the industrial English society among economic and moral decay in the 1930's (Magill 72). Conflicts common in his works are those between war and peace, corruption of modern society, and the "dichotomy between the rich and the poor" (Barrows 317). "The Age of Anxiety" is, in general, a quest poem. Unlike the ideal quest, however, this quest accomplishes nothing. The characters search for the meaning of self and, in essence, the meaning of life, but because their search is triggered by intoxication due to alchohol, the quest is doomed from the start. Throughout the quest, the characters believe themselves to be in a form of Purgatory when they are allegorically in Hell. They fail to realize this due to "the modern human condition which denies possibility but refuses to call it impossible" (Nelson 117). In "The Age of Anxiety", there are four characters of significance. Quant, the first to be introduced, addresses himself in a mirror, an action typical to a drunken man. He is an aging homosexual widower who finds refuge in the mirror because it offers him the easiest way of facing himself (Nelson 117-118). Malin, the most dominant character overall, is a medical intelligence officer on leave from the Canadian Air Force. His background labels him as the "would-be doctor and leader" in the world of "The Age of Anxiety". His name is reminiscent, in relation to the war, of a malingerer, and the composition of his personality hints at the evil within him (Nelson 118).

Free Essays on Learning English In The Mathematics And Science Classroom

is the exploration of word origin in an effort for students to grasp mathematical languages. The second strategy: everyday language, can be used as a strategy to develop mathematical knowledge and communication. According to the writer, teachers should not overlook everyday language as a learni... Free Essays on Learning English In The Mathematics And Science Classroom Free Essays on Learning English In The Mathematics And Science Classroom Stepanek the author of the article quoted that learning is the process of developing and negotiating meaning, which is usually through the medium of language. The author further stated that because language is the primary means of teaching, student’s ability to participate in mathematics and science is dependent on their language ability. The writer didn’t limit the importance of language to just teaching, she also stated that it is in the way they think and communicate what they know. The writer in support of Language and learning mathematics quoted Cocking â€Å"language proficiency plays a role in mathematics achievement.† The author of the article in promoting the use of language highlighted a suggestion made by Warren, Rosebery and their Cheche Konnen colleagues, which encourages teachers to rethink their approach, using diverse languages as a bridge rather than a barrier to learning mathematics. The author of the article highlighted two tools/ strategies to enhance mathematics through language development, they are: finding the right words and using everyday language. In this are the author suggest that the languages of mathematics and science are different from the language that students use socially, therefore what the author is saying is that students are likely to benefit from languages that targets unfamiliar words, expressions, and syntax. A key area the author highlighted when finding the right words is a need for the students to learn the difference between how words are used in an everyday context and their meaning in mathematics. The final area highlighted by the author under finding the right words is the exploration of word origin in an effort for students to grasp mathematical languages. The second strategy: everyday language, can be used as a strategy to develop mathematical knowledge and communication. According to the writer, teachers should not overlook everyday language as a learni...

Global history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global history - Essay Example The fall of the German Empire led to the Weimar Republic. The Social Democratic Sweden government endured through this period, but it must be noted that Sweden remained neutral in WWI. The United States implemented the New Deal, which made the government more involved in American life. The common theme across the world was bigger government in an effort to help citizens. As Hobsbawm points out, the diverse bigger government might have had as many negative effects as positive ones. Around the first of the twentieth century, in Russia, Imperialism was dying. Out of the ashes of WWI, the October Revolution was born. With Tsar Nicholas busy fighting the Germans in WWI, the Revolutionaries gained enough power to topple the Tsar’s government. Hobsbawm speculates â€Å"Tsarist Russia, but for the accident of the First World War and the Bolshevik Revolution, would have evolved into a flourishing liberal-capitalist industrial society† (p. 56). WWI caused the Bolsheviks to gain power, thus forming a bigger communist government out of the former Imperialistic Russia. The Great Slump made communism even more appealing to the Russia people. Communism was based on Karl Marx’s theories. Marx believed in equality among the masses. In a Marxist society, all workers should benefit equally from combined labor. The Russians believed communism would bring equality and prosperity to all citizens at first. In turn Russians believed communism was superior to capitalism (Hobsbawm, p. 56). The problem according to Hobsbawm was state communism betrayed socialist ideals from the beginning (p. 58). Any liberal or democratic aspects of Marxism were excluded by Lenin from the start. By the time Stalin came to power, communism was twisted away from Marx’s original concept of a socialist society. If the Russians had known the direction communism was taking, history might be different. As it stands, a strong government

Changes Made to America Society during WWII Essay

Changes Made to America Society during WWII - Essay Example The Second World War brought various changes in America. The war affected all the spheres of life including economic, political and social life. Economically, the economy was strained since all the efforts were aimed at winning the war(Kennedy, 2005).The war led to various to effects on labour, and the government came up with various policies to support the economy and the much-needed resources and labour. Controls were put on the economy, the most crucial ones being the price controls put on most products by the office of price administration and wage control (Mansfied, 1951). Hence, goods were sold at the set prices and traders had no autonomy to set their prices. Employee wages were controlled to specific ranges and amounts. A rationing system was introduced to provide for minimum amounts of necessities to everyone so as to prevent inflation that was eminent due to over production of industrial goods and low production of necessities (Kersten, 2000). Rationed goods included rubber, due to the interruption of natural rubber; gasoline with limits being set on the amount of fuel one could use, food items and, as a result, ration coupons were introduced to purchase basic food items such as milk, sugar, margarine. Every household booked rations while taking into consideration the number of family members. The children guided each family on the amount of rationed goods they would receive. The production of most durable goods like cars and house appliances were banned until the end of the war.

Case Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Problem - Assignment Example Laws include the Federal Lanham Act, the State laws in the form of consumer protection laws, and the case laws acting as a precedent. C. It will be unconstitutional to ban the advertisement. The justification may be that though the present law grants the government power to regulate advertisement under certain conditions as per Central Hudson v. Public Service Commission and Board of Trustees of the State University of New York v. Fox, , the conditions remain unfulfilled. In the present case the question is whether the government will have the power to regulate liquor advertising in the state of Washington. The conditions which will allow the government to do so would be presence of substantial state interest, which is actually there in the present case in the form of a need to stop under aged drinking. The second condition is whether the regulation directly advances the interest, which it doesn’t as there’s no proof that banning advertisement will stop under aged drink ing particularly. The third condition is that the regulation is not unreasonably extensive than what is necessary, which it is, as there is no evidence that it will stop underage drinking in particular and will surely affect the liquor business. Case problem-2 The sales representative is not correct in her assertion, as it is material whether the commercial speech is true or false. The reason is that commercial speech is not protected under, any law, if it’s false and misleading, as in the present case. Certain statutes and Federal Trade Commission Rules prohibit it, in addition to the case laws which act as a precedent to support the cause. If the national company is taken as a competitor to my present online business, civil suit can be brought against the company for publishing false or misleading description of its goods. In addition to the Lanham Act, the state consumer protection laws also protect the consumers against false and misleading advertisements given by a busin ess. Finally, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) also prohibits it. The FTC can invoke its powers, with regard to false and misleading advertisement, if the communication is an advertisement, the advertisement affects interstate commerce and the advertisement is false or deceptive. In addition to the remedies offered by the courts under the Lanham and consumer protection laws in the form of injunction and fines, the FTC has its own set of remedies to take care of the issue. The FTC publishes specific guidelines for advertising in an entire industry. The FTC has voluntary compliance remedy, which will seek a voluntary agreement from the advertiser to terminate a campaign and to repeat the same, without any sort of determination. Moreover, the FTC can make consent agreements with the advertisers, issue a litigated order in case the advertiser refuses to sign the consent order, force the advertiser to prove the claims made in an advertisement by Substantiation and move to court for an order of injunction. Case Problem-3 The consumer organization is correct in its assertion, as the conditions laid down by FTC for an ad to be taken as false and deceptive are fulfilled. In the present case there is a representation which will mislead the consumer. The exercise club states that clients of the club lose 30 to 50 pounds in two months, yet, they didn’t make their claim based on substantial evidence. When they

The Banking Concept of Education Essay Example for Free

The Banking Concept of Education Essay In the banking concept of education Freire explains how the relationship between students and teachers suffer from narrative sickness (Freire). Freire describes the bond between students and teachers as if the student is like a bank where they are the depositories and the teacher are the depositors hint the â€Å"banking concept†. Another term that stuck out to me is how he say that learning should have something to do with your past experiences. He compares two concepts of education, banking and problem posing; in the banking concept teachers assume students don’t control what they learn. In his theory of the banking concept he fells some teachers feel like students are empty vessels that need to be filled. Both concepts can be true but, no two finger prints are alike. Everyone doesn’t learn the same. So the theory of banking or problem posing being better or worse depends on the student and teacher. Freire goes further to express how he feels banking is a negative way for students to learn. How â€Å"banking† is composed and based upon just memorization and not really learning; in this concept students are receiving, memorizing, and repeating. Also in the banking concept students aren’t able to put to use any of what they have learned to use in every day life. â€Å"The more a child or students can apply and adapt to situations that allow them to use what they have been taught the better the student will manage.†(Freire). Freire also talks about authentic thinking. The teacher cannot think for you nor can he/she force you to think or see as he or she does. Problem posing opposed to banking is a way for both the student and the teacher to learn at the same time. For example asking questions in class and engaging in classroom conversations, but at the same time allowing the teacher to know that the student is understanding the information. Freire describes problem posing as the better solution to aiding the students in learning. Problem posing is a way for students to establish mutual respect. What Freire trying to say is when a student understands the material instead of trying to memorize he/ she will be more successful in life. For example in grade school you learn basic math. The child then goes to the next grade to learn multiplication, division, adding, subtracting etc. When a child grasps the concept early on they are able to build on what they have learned in a previous setting. With the knowledge they have acquired they will be very successful in math that requires more steps to get to the answer. Now on the other hand you may have a child that did not understand math early on so he or she may struggle because he or she memorized what was needed to pass, not building on what he or she should have learned. In today’s education system some can agree with problem posing because you need to have an education to get somewhere in life. So pursuing your education after high school is in a sense almost mandatory to obtain a high paying job. So gaining knowledge in high school by allowing teachers to help you learn will only prepare you for college and then the real world. I agree with Freire theory on education only from self-experience. But I have experienced both sides. Banking and problem posing; Banking because there have been times when I memorized key terms for a test and left the classroom and not remembered anything. Problem posing because there have been classes where engaged in the conversation and really understood what it was the teacher was trying to help the class understand. Freire makes a huge point when it comes to education because you cannot survive on memorization along. It is necessary for you to know and understand information to really acquire knowledge.

Growth Impairment of the Fetal Nervous System by Nicotinic Stimulation

Growth Impairment of the Fetal Nervous System by Nicotinic Stimulation The resources on this particular topic were minute. In fact, only two articles were obtained Therefore due to the lack of compiling information, all of the following text should be attributed to the sources listed The maternal utilization of tobacco substances during pregnancy gives rise to growth retardation and an array of neurobehavior defects in the offspring. Although concurrent exposure of the fetus to hypoxia and ischemia are major contributors to the developmental effects of smoking in man, or of injected nicotine in animals, recent studies using slow infusions of nicotine strongly suggest that nicotine affects fetal and neonatal development. Due to the action of nicotine via neurotransmitter receptors in the nervous system) the sensitivity of the developing brain is displayed in the disruption of cellular development and blunting of neural activity in central and peripheral catecholaminergic systems (Navarro et al, p894). Many of the developmental abnormalities seen with prenatal nicotine exposure resemble those obtained through enhancement of cholinergic neuronal activity through dietary manipulations. Endogenous cholinergic input has been shown to control cellular development in cerebral cortex, the same region found to be highly sensitive to perturbations caused by nicotine or by high dietary choline. Thus, the effects of nicotine may represent the simulation of a natural developmental signal, but at an inappropriate time. A current study examines the potential interaction of prenatal nicotine exposure with the development of cholinergic neurotransmitter systems in different brain regions (Navarro et al’ p894). The experimentation o... ...aring" course of action, wherein damage to a developing fetus by malnutrition, drugs and toxic chemicals has less of an growth impairment on the nervous system than the rest of the fetus (Navarro et. al., p191) Works Cited: Navarro, H.A., Seidler, F.J., Schwartz, R-D., Maker, E.E., Dobbins, S-S, and Slotkin, T.A. Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine Impairs Nervous System Development at a Dose Which Does Not Affect Viability or Growth. Brain Research Bulletin, Vol. 23, pp. 137-192, 1989. Navarro, H-A., Seidler, F.J., Eylersk, J-P., Baker, F.E., Dobbins, S.S., Lappi, S.E., and Slotkin, T.A. Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Development of Central and Peripheral Cholinergic Neurotransmitter Systems. Evidence for Cholinergic Trophic Influences in Developing Brain. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 251. No.3, pp. 894-399, 1989.

Waiting Room :: English Literature Essays

Waiting Room Ring! Ring! Who could that be, wondered Henry as he glanced at the clock. It’s three a.m. â€Å"Hello.† â€Å"Henry, its Jake. Sandra was in an accident last night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Is it serious?† Fear clutched Henrys heart. â€Å"Yes, but she will be O.K. She is unconscious right now. Listen, buddy, I need your help. I have to go on maneuvers in a few minutes and was wondering if you could call the hospital every once in a while. I would also like for someone to be there when she wakes up.† Henry eagerly bolted from the comfort of his bed. â€Å"I’ll get ready to leave right now.† â€Å"Henry, why don’t you go back to sleep and when you wake up in the morning, you can go visit. No need for you to go right now; she’s still asleep and will be for a couple of more hours. Thanks for doing this, buddy.† Not waiting for a response, Jake hangs up the phone. †Hey! Not a problem, she’s only your wife; no need to be worried or anything like that,† Henry sarcastically thought. Henry did not like Jake very much. The only reason he talked to him was because he was married to his ex-wife. He still loved her very much. Henry hated how he treated her. â€Å"Your typical military man--more concerned about himself than his family,† Henry thought to himself. He took a shower, got dressed and within thirty minutes, he was in the VA hospital. He was glad that the construction on the interstate did not slow him down to Long Beach, where the VA hospital is located. â€Å"Excuse me, could you please tell me what room is Mrs. Sandra Anderson, I mean Davis, is in?† Henry asked with some concern. â€Å"Yes sir, she’s in room fifty-seven, but you cannot see her until seven am. You may stay in the waiting room at the end of the hall if you wish.† Said the Nurse pointing to Henry’s right. â€Å"Thank you, ma’am,† Henry said. He walked to Sandra’s room and looked through the window. He saw Sandra lying asleep, with all sorts of hoses and contraptions attached to her. Sandra’s head was heavily bandaged; she had a cast on her left arm and leg and a long gash from her chin to her neck. â€Å"You’re so beautiful, my little Sandra,† Henry murmured softly to himself, as tears welled in his eyes.

Hi-Value Supermarkets- Everyday Low Pricing Essay

Case Analysis I. Factual Summary Hi-Value Supermarkets became a division of Hall Consolidated, a privately owned wholesaler and retail food distributor in 1975. Hi-Value Supermarkets is considered to be the smallest of the three supermarkets chains owned by Hall Consolidated, with a small store distribution for its category. Hi-Value was the number one or two ranked supermarket chain in each of its trade markets (as measured by market share). Hi-Value is known as â€Å"most convenient†, having three stores in Centralia compared to its top competitors only having one each. Hi- Values three are major competitors are: Harrison’s, Grand American, and Missouri Mart. The three major competitors in Centralia contain stores all subsequently larger in size than those of Hi-Value. The four major supermarkets in Centralia make up 85% of all food sales, with the remaining 15% stemming from smaller, independent grocery stores and convenience stores. All 3 major competitors contain a feature attributes and a unique position in the market. With Hi-Value having three locations in Centralia, it puts them at an advantage for convenience that the competition cannot duplicate without having the funds or other resources to do so. Although Hi-Value Supermarkets offer the highest level of convenience, there prices are overall are the highest as well. Residents of Centralia prefer lower prices because according to the U.S. Census held in 2000, the median income was 36,000. It is understood that price is the most important store determinant for the residents, which poses a problem for Hi-Value. The major  question described in the case is whether or not Hi-Value should implement a low-pricing strategy. With the examination of Hi-Value’s current situation, it is evident that their future falls in between several courses of action that executives must examine and choose whether or not to integrate them. This process must be done in order to maintain a strong position in their served market and prosperous future. II. Case Problem/Opportunity Hi Values main problems are that they lack strong customer image and are highly priced. Each of the local supermarkets in the Centralia area has an image. Harrisons has an extremely favorable image. They are well managed, clean, orderly, and attractive, and the store is conveniently located along with excellent parking. Grand American is the most modern store in Centralia and has a highly regarded dairy department. Contrarily, they have a modest variety in meats, and produce and offer double coupons. Missouri Marts primary merchandising strength is in groceries and special purchase displays, but its store lacks quality and freshness. Hi-Value has multiple locations but has highly priced merchandise. A supermarket interview was conducted to give customers an opportunity to share their overall thoughts and experience they had when shopping at local supermarkets in Centralia. The questions were asked based upon the characteristics each store had to offer. The number one concern customer s had with Hi Value was â€Å"price†. At the time Hi-Values prices ran 10 percent above Harrison’s, and 7 percent above Missouri Mart and Grand American. Although Hi-Value is recognized for its store convenience it lacks a top ranking sales item that sets it aside from other supermarkets in the area. Since Hi- Values reputation is not where management expected, Hi-Value Supermarket is reviewing whether or not it would be a good business decision to incorporate an everyday low pricing strategy to stay competitive with the other supermarkets in the area marketing tactic. The most important opportunity for Hi-Value Supermarkets is the growing price consciousness Centralia shoppers are becoming. The increase on price elastic customers should be carefully taken into consideration when developing new strategies, or taking new courses of action. One of Hi-Value’s opportunities could be identified in the customer spending habits. Company records point out fresh meat, poultry, and seafood  to be among the items people in Centralia spend the most money on. This representative 14.32% average plus the fact that meat quality is the second most important determinant of store choice can be seen as an attractive opportunity for Hi-Value executives to improve the quality of their butcher in order to attract more customers. Another opportunity for Hi-Value is to modernize their store to make it more attractive and easier for customers to maneuver around to make their shopping experience better. It may not be a bad idea as well to offer a greater variety of bakery choices along with fresher produce. III. Alternative Solutions 1). Implement â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy to all Hi-Value Supermarket products: By choosing to implement â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy to all Hi- Value Supermarket products in Centralia, Missouri, Hi- Value would begin direct competition with Harrison’s via most reasonable prices. According to the Exhibit 6 found on page 506, data shows that, Harrison’s is a market leader with 36 percent of customers agreeing that Harrison’s has the most reasonable prices , while customers rated Hi- Value with only 7percent . Also in this data we can see that Hi Value scored lowest on best overall variety with 2 percent while Missouri Mart came in at 74 percent. With 13,500 households retaining an average income of a mere $36,000/ year, consumers of Centralia are money conscious and smart shoppers. Since Harrison’s is favored 29 percent higher, than Hi-Value’s pricing, they are undoubtedly the average consumer’s penny stretching, go-to supermarket. Because price is believed to be the most important store choice determinant for customers, this may be a strategy that Hi-Value should consider. By implementing the â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy, Hi- Value Supermarkets would promise customers a low price, without the need to wait for a sale price or other comparison. A strategy like this has proved to work well with a broader store positioning strategy and if it is well supported with advertising. Since Hi-Value has 3 stores compared to the other retailers who only have 1, it is positioned as the â€Å"most convenient† and uses a value approach when advertising. With the current positioning as Hi-Value= Superior Value, in convenience, service and bakery items, Hi- Value falls short in the pricing category and also typically spends .11% less on advertising annually than the average advertising sales (which is 1% of  annual revenue). Implementing this strategy may confuse Hi-Values image and positioning. However, if it is implemented, the â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy has the potential to reduce operating costs and increase profit (.9% of annual sales), which the company could then use to bolster a new advertising campaign featuring Hi-Values new â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy. 2) Implement â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy to Grocery and Seasonal/General merchandise only By choosing to implement an â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy on Grocery and Seasonal/ General merchandise only to Hi- Value Supermarket products Hi- Value would limit the pricing strategy to all grocery (including dairy) and general merchandise (including beauty care and health care items). Since these categories represents 57 percent of Hi-Values annual sales, this limited approach on the â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy should convey the image they want to project as well as enter Hi- Value Supermarkets into a different level of competition (reasonable pricing) where they were last in the category before. As a result, this would mean more direct competition with Grand American, Harrison’s and Missouri Mart. However, this change does alter Hi- Value’s positioning as â€Å"superior value and convenience† and may begin to confuse shoppers . Hi- Value Supermarket Shopper Interview Resulted in saying that 77.9 percent of all Hi- Value customers are dedicated patrons that have stayed and shopped with Hi- Value for 3 or more years. Of these customers, 51.7 percent purchase about half of their total food needs with Hi- Value Supermarket. Of that 51.7 percent, 36.9 percent purchased grocery items only and 23.4 percent purchased grocery, meat and produce. Of these customers interviewed, 27 percent of them stated that the things they liked best about other stores were the â€Å"prices†. This information allows a conclusion to be drawn that because of the strong base of loyal customers, who mostly purchase grocery items, preferred most stores with lower pricing and shopped most regularly for other groceries at Missouri Mart (whose ad’s feature â€Å"very low prices†), that the strategy of implementing â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† limited to Grocery and Seasonal/ General merchandise only, to Hi- Valu e Supermarket products would only make sense. 3) Do not implement the â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy by choosing not to implement the â€Å"Everyday low-pricing† strategy whatsoever to Hi- Value Supermarket products in Centralia, Missouri would allow Hi- Value Supermarkets to maintain their prided image and positioning  as the â€Å"greatest convenience for shoppers†. Their 3:1 ratio of stores located throughout Centralia gives them a competitive edge against the other leading supermarkets in the area. Hi-Values W. Prospect store, being the only Supermarket in that section of town is a definite advantage for the organization. By choosing to focus directly on their existing positioning they will be sure to not confuse customers, also with their large base of 77.9 percent customers who have been loyal customers over 3 years. Hi value has to be careful about simply lowering prices because if Hi-Value was to change their positioning, it may change the way they are overall perceived. Higher prices indicat e higher value and superior service. This is a trend seen worldwide. These categories of high value and service are what Hi- Value Supermarkets was built upon. The option of lowering price may or may not contradict these written values. In a well-defined market area, for â€Å"Everyday low pricing† to work, you do not have to be the lowest priced supermarket in the trade area. This allows the option to always be considered to only slightly lower prices. With Hi-Value’s pricing to be 7-10% higher than its competitors, if Hi-Value lowers prices by a mere 2-3% they can still be positioned as the most convenient and superior value supermarket, while satisfying their customers price concerns. IV. Selected Solutions Hi-Value Supermarkets best bet is to implement an everyday low pricing strategy in certain product categories with a price reduction anywhere from 5-7% below the original quote. With growing sensitivity to pricing in the area, this strategy will work to increase customer satisfaction and will lead to a positive company image. Implementing low prices will keep Hi -Value competitive with other markets in the area. Although Hi- value cannot out price Harrison’s, it still may be an option worth while looking into. Also Hi-Value needs to greatly improve their customer image. Usually first impression is the last impression, so it is important that Hi-Value staff consider training their staff on the importance of making sure that the customer has a better experience when coming to their stores. Perhaps they can have more staff working to ensure that the isles ate wide enough and that the shelves are neatly stocked and organized so that when the customer shops it will be a smoother tr ansition from the shelves to the cash  register. Along with that it may be a good idea as well if they focused more on offering a better variety of bakery items as well for customers to enjoy. V. Conclusion With all the information that has been provided, it can be concluded that if Hi-Value decided to operate in a way that is seen as being more reasonable and economical for customers, customers will be more inclined to shop there. If management decides to implement better sanitary solutions and decides to clean up the dairy department, it would more than likely lead to better customer satisfaction. If management works more closely with ensuring that customers do not experience out of stock items and fresher produce, customers will be more inclined to shop there and continue to recommend Hi-Value to their friends and family. These are simple options that management can takes that will be work out to be both effective and efficient. If management also decides to take this approach it can compensate for their higher prices. If your prices are higher than there needs to be a justifiable reason, so in this case Hi-Values justifiable reason would be again to work on customer image. Altering their advertising slogan, start advertising on television, and targeting shoppers outside of Centralia will increase sales and market share. As of now 89 percent of their sales are devoted to advertising. Having an increase in marketing expenses from the new strategy will be offset with increased sales and market share. Once these actions have been implemented, it would be a good idea for Hi-Value to allow customers to take a survey to comment on their recent improvements to store and allow them to give feedback so that management is always in the know and so that customers can always contribute. This will put Hi-Value at an advantage with its competitors.

Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Essay Example

Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Essay Example Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Essay Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Essay Abstraction Grief comes in different signifiers and affects each individual otherwise. Webster’s dictionary describes heartache as deep unhappiness caused particularly by someone’s decease. a cause of deep unhappiness. and problem or annoyance . Grief is associated with loss ; loss of people. topographic point. or thing. It is a cosmopolitan experience that happens to all life. In multicultural reding a counsellor should be able to efficaciously handle and cover with the issues of heartache. as they relate to frogmans groups. The boundaries between normal and complicated heartache is a procedure. The factors of cultural. societal and spiritual influence. besides influences the heartache and the degree of anxiousness that is raised due to that heartache. Different people behave otherwise on the same kind of loss. and this makes it of import to understand the impact which the loss has on the individual. This diverseness warrants further research on the subject of heartache guidance and procedure intercessions which have to be chosen in different fortunes with different people. : Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Grief is a common world of everyone’s life and about all have to travel through a stage where the loss is excessively large to manage. Altmaier ( 2011 ) states that. the strength of anxiousness. emphasis and heartache from a loss depends on the intimacy and importance of that lost thing in the life of the individual. Many research workers ( Ober. et Al. . 2012 ; Howarth. 2011 ; Breen. 2011 ) have highlighted that decease is one of the typical signifiers of complex loss that most people experienced at least one time in their lives. The mourning of loss of life can be far more annihilating to an individual’s behaviour and societal operation than any other type of losingss. Such mourning is common in all civilizations and there can rarely be a individual who is non disturbed about the loss of a loved one ( Howarth. 2011 ) . However. the societal withdrawal and the degree of anxiousness and depression after the loss can change from civilization to civilization. intimacy of relation with the asleep 1. and the nature of the individual. For this ground group counsellors have to analyze and understand the nature and degree of heartache in order to utilize the correct scheme and procedure intercession for grief recovery ( Altmaier. 2011 ) . Discussion The term best practices’ has been used in relation with group reding to analyse the patterns that are largely applicable with people in heartache ( Kato A ; Mann. 2009 ) . However. several research workers ( Baier A ; Buechsel. 2012 ; Ober. 2011 ) have canceled out this term and claimed that each instance would stand different and alone from the other. Because of this. generalising the heartache reding procedure and intercession can be unsuccessful. Understanding the varied province of head and heartache symptoms of choler. depression. solitariness. anxiousness and other symptoms are necessary for group guidance ( Baier A ; Buechsel. 2012 ) . The Impact of Loss and Bereavement The research of Sussman ( 2011 ) founds that the heartache and mourning after a loss has different impacts on males. females and kids. It has been discovered that work forces cope with a loss and their province of depression more rapidly than adult females and kids. The beginning of this fact can be related to the natural features and the sensitiveness of each person. which is greater in adult females and kids than in work forces. Stroebe. et Al. . ( 2009 ) separated the impact of loss into three stages and has illustrated that every person that has experienced a loss will travel through these three stages. The first stage is the blink of an eye daze where the individual is in a mid-state of accepting the loss. Many people take a long clip to accept the fact that a certain loss has occurred ( Stroebe. Stroebe. A ; Hansson. 2009 ) . This has been a common position in the instances of deceases of loved 1s. peculiarly with females and immature kids. This phase has the first reactions of mourning. shouting. protesting. demoing choler and defeat aloud and non welcoming the happening of the loss ( Howarth. 2011 ) . In the 2nd stage the loss is accepted mentally. but there remains the after effects of the loss. in the signifier of societal damage and withdrawal of the individual from the societal group and/or preferring to be entirely ( Stroebe. Stroebe. A ; Hansson. 2009 ) . This is the stage where the counsellors needs to acquire involved and detect the symptoms of the individual and the continuance of the loss event to cognize the technique and construction that needs to be used in such a state of affairs Higgins ( 2009 ) . The 3rd stage of credence. is on in which the individual accepts the loss and develops the belief that nil can alter the world and life has to travel on ( Stroebe. Stroebe. A ; Hansson. 1999 ) . Allumbach A ; Hoyt ( 2009 ) focuses the fact that heartache guidance should non be stopped early in this stage. as there are opportunities that the patient could return to the 2nd stage once more ( Allumbach A ; Hoyt. 2009 ) . The construct of cognitive therapy is introduced to be certain that the complete dealing of the individual in heartache takes topographic point from the 2nd stage of emotional hurt and hurting to the 3rd stage of retrieving and traveling on with the life by stamp downing the memories of the loss individual or thing ( Altmaier. 2011 ) . A complex position of the grief loss is in the context of immature kids. Malkinson ( 2010 ) underlines the cognitive learning process of worlds and explains that kids from age two- five do non hold a solid apprehension of loss or decease ( Malkinson. 2010 ) . They carry likelihood that whatever is gone will return back one twenty-four hours. This is typical in the instance of their asleep pets. siblings or parents. As they go into adolescence they develop a better apprehension of decease and that the departed will non return. A loss of loved one at this phase can be really ambitious because the kid is already covering with the inquiries of self-identity and life-direction. This type of loss can barricade the mentality. behaviour and believing capableness of the kid Higgins ( 2009 ) . Procedure. Intervention. and Structure Several theoreticians have addressed the fact that after a loss people normally feel lonely and prefer to be entirely as they can non make full the infinite made by the loss object or individual ( Watson A ; West 2006 ) . A individual being bankrupted and losing all his life nest eggs in a flash has a high opportunity of acquiring isolated from the society and stoping up as a depression patient or with physical upsets like encephalon tumour. high blood force per unit area or other upsets that happen due to emphasize and tenseness ( Watson A ; West 2006 ) . If a healer is consulted in such a scenario so the first thing to make is to understand beliefs and speculations which the individual is transporting sing the loss. They may believe that people will do merriment of them or they will lose their societal position. They besides may believe that they will non be able to take attention of their household and kids etc. These are the ideas that the individual develops in the 2nd stage of loss. They can go mentally and emotionally weak. non able to look at the brighter side of the scenario or what is left ( Baier A ; Buechsel. 2012 ) . In the Task-Oriented Approach forwarded by Doel ( 2006 ) . Eaton A ; Roberts ( 2002 ) shows that the mechanism of motor public presentation of each single agony from losingss processed and structured with a technique to do the individual believe that the strength and degree of loss is non every bit large as it is perceived by the individual. In his survey Doel ( 2006 ) defines the pattern of utilizing voluntaries who can organize group with the individual to be treated and the voluntaries. They will move if they have non had a much greater loss and can portion how they have coped with it. This has proved to be a good scheme if conducted in a proper manner and set uping that the events described by other are similar in nature but unique from one another ( Eaton A ; R oberts. 2002 ) . The 2nd undertaking is of assisting the individual to wipe out the old memories related to that individual. concern or any other object. The motive here is non to divide the individual from the loss. but to decrease the heartache and mourning that is closely associated to the memories of the loss ( Eaton A ; Roberts. 2002 ) . The undertaking oriented intercession for heartache guidance shows great restrictions when it is implied for the grief therapy of parents who have lost their immature kids in an accident or been killed. Such instances were abundant after the annihilating event of 9/11 and a batch of parents showed small or no recovery by the usage of undertaking oriented procedure and stayed in their province of depression and emotional hurting. Brown ( 2006 ) has forwarded the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( CBT ) Model for the heartache guidance of people in complicated mourning like those who have experienced sudden decease of a loved one. peculiarly their kids. The land of this intercession is due to the difference between the rational and the irrational thought of the hard-pressed people. Irrational thought makes them comprehend their lives to be unbearable without the being of the asleep 1 ( Brown. 2006 ) . In the CBT procedure. close bonds are developed with such people and they are given the opportunity to show the consequence of such a loss on their present and future. This given. normally based on irrational thought. is foremost replicated by other irrational support ( Malkinson. 2010 ) . For illustration. if a female parent has lost her kid so she is made to believe that her kid will be remembered as the 1 who sacrificed his/her life and he/she would hold attained a higher province in the Eden. The analogue of the irrational thought with other irrational belief was carried out in the survey of Cigno ( 2006 ) on Cognitive-behavioral practice’ with 18 female parents and 11 male parents whom kids became victim of the street offenses or terrorist activities. Cigno found out that 72. 4 % of the parents in this research showed marks of betterment and were able to come in the 2nd stage of loss heartache to the 3rd stage. At this phase. activities of societal battle and undertaking oriented attack can be available to guarantee maximal grief recovery of those people ( Cigno. 2006 ) . The Complicated Grief Intervention Model ( CGIM ) To authorise the counsellors and the societal workers in handling complicated heartache. there is a demand of a theoretical account that can specify the attack and program of counsellors when they are covering with a bereaved individual ( Morris. 2006 ) . The heartache of loss of the loved 1. a major concern ruin or other losingss which have a great impact on the mentality of one’s life can be included in complicated heartache. The counsellor assesses the demand and the present status of the bereft one in the first measure of the theoretical account. This is non limited to the emotional province. but besides to the practical side ; the work and household duties of the bereft 1 that are affected by the temperament of the individual. These things can be assessed by utilizing the narrative technique and inquiring the people about their narratives related to the lost individual or object. A secondary appraisal is besides suggested where the friends or household members of the bereft one are interviewed to cognize the extent of heartache ( Altmaier. 2011 ) . When the counsellor prescribes activities or medical specialties to the bereaved individual this is the 2nd phase is of intercession. It has been a common observation by many research workers ( Watson A ; West. 2006 ; Silversides. 2011 ; Morris ( 2006 ) that counsellors are non result-oriented in their intercession. Silversides ( 2011 ) discusses that many counsellors do non be after the result of the activity and they do non on a regular basis measure the success of the activity. Because of this pattern the recovery is impermanent. There have been instances reported to hold developed the same province of depression and heartache after the therapy was over ( Silversides. 2011 ) . For case. if a avocation is suggested to the bereaved individual to exercising. some of the inquiries that need to be answered are: what will be the continuance of the exercising? What terminal consequences it will convey or be given to convey? How will it assist the bereft individual to retroflex the negative irrational thought with positive irrational thought? What will be the effects of the exercising after it is discontinued for more than 6 months? What will be the attack if the individual develops the same province of head once more? Answering these inquiries prior to get downing the intercession scheme will raise the chance of accomplishing coveted consequences over the awaited clip ( Drenth. Herbst. A ; Strydom. 2010 ) . It is apparent that some portion of the therapy. like reding Sessionss and workshops can non last everlastingly and they need to be stopped after some period. while few of the everyday activities can be carried on for a much longer period as the individual wants to. It is necessary for the societal worker or counsellor to understand the significance of the activities and which are for finite period. and analyze if there would be a demand to protract. modify or replace it with another activity as per the demand of the individual ( Johnsen. Dyregrov. A ; Dyregrov. 2012 ) . It is both natural and scriptural to sorrow. The world is that no affair how happy those who have gone are. and how much they gain by the move. the loss is suffered. and seeking to populate in denial of this world is non epic but undermining in to societal or spiritual force per unit area that is non of God. There is much grounds that those who confront their interior hurting head-on. heal quickest. Inner hurting will bit by bit withdraw when we face it. but it will maintain stalking us if we run from it. Surely he hath borne our heartaches. and carried our sorrows: yet we did respect him stricken. smitten of God. and stricken. But he was wounded for our evildoings. he was bruised for our wickednesss: the castigation of our peace was upon him ; and with his chevrons we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray ; we have turned everyone to his ain manner ; and the LORD hath laid on him the wickedness of us all ( Isaiah 53:4-6. KJV ) . Decision Grief is a natural occurring and about every homo goes through this phenomenon at some point of clip in his or her life. The extent of heartache is dependent on factors of intimacy with the lost individual or thing and the rational and irrational thought that the individual has developed after the loss. The province of complex heartache or mourning occurs largely in the instance of losing the love 1s and come ining into the province of solitariness. choler and depression. The grade of these symptoms is more marked in adolescent agers and adult females. It is for this ground that counsellors have to understand the nature and extent of the heartache and the irrational thought that have been developed as a consequence to order a therapy or activity that best suits the demand of the bereft one. Mentions Allumbach. L. . A ; Hoyt. W. ( 2009 ) . Effectiveness of grief therapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 46. 370–380. Altmaier. E. ( 2011 ) . Best Practices in Counselling Grief and Loss: Finding Benefit From Trauma. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 33 ( 1 ) . 33-47. Baier. M. . A ; Buechsel. R. ( 2012 ) . A theoretical account to assist bereaved persons understand the heartache procedure. Mental Health Practice. 16 ( 1 ) . 28-32. Breen. L. ( 2011 ) . 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